Objective B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is essential for B-cell survival and innate immune activation, and its ...

However, details of the intervening steps, as researchers have learned in the past 65 years, are quite complex — certain cells carry the flu antigen to the immune system, specific immune cells respond ...

At the surface, the immune response to a flu virus is simple. Some cells recognize the pathogen and send a signal to the immune system, and immune cells produce a potentially lifesaving antibody ...

About five million people worldwide have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease that damages organs and tissues throughout the body, including skin, joints, kidneys, heart, and ...

Scientists at Cincinnati Children's have identified how certain immune cells are molecularly programmed to respond faster when the body encounters a familiar threat, shedding light on immune memory ...

B lymphocytes exhibit dual roles in tumorigenesis, acting as both allies and adversaries in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Their anti-tumor functions include recognizing tumor-associated antigens, ...

Conjugate vaccines are composed of bacterial polysaccharide antigens covalently linked to protein carriers, enabling T cell-dependent immune responses that induce high-affinity antibodies and ...

Scientists analyzing human and mouse pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) and spleens have identified a distinct subset of CD4 memory helper T cells associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Reported by ...

T-bet expression is required for persistence of memory B cells that have rapid differentiation potential to become antibody-producing plasma cells in response to a second infection BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – ...