In a white paper published by a multidisciplinary team of top scientists in China, Earth system is defined to encompass both internal and external geospheres from solid Earth system through surface ...

This study will develop a compelling vision for a systems approach to studying the Earth and identify facilities, infrastructure, coordinating mechanisms, computing, and workforce development needed ...

Planetary boundaries represent thresholds in major Earth system processes that are sensitive to human activity and control global-scale habitability and stability. These processes are interconnected ...