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E-THEMIS uses infrared imaging to test planetary surface temperatures and will measure temperatures on Europa’s icy crust. Before Clipper reaches Europa in 2030, Christensen turned to Mars to ...

The rusty world is full of mysteries—and some of the solar system's most extreme geology. Learn more about Earth's smaller, ...

Mars, once thought too cold and dry for liquid water, may briefly host salty brines twice a day during certain seasons. These ...

New study reveals the icy, cold climate of Mars' past, with implications for life A new study finds that Martian soil was frigid and icy, making it less likely to support life as we know it ...

The study is published this week in the Journal of Environmental Monitoring and will be used to interpret the data from the soil temperature sensor of NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory (MSL ...

Solar insolation on Mars has varied dramatically over time, mainly due to large variations in the tilt of Mars’s rotational axis (obliquity), and this led to dramatic climate variations on Mars.

In the case of Mars, its angle of rotation (referred to as its obliquity) varied between 15 degrees and 35 degrees between 2.1 million and 400,000 years ago, playing havoc with its climate.

The United States space agency has pioneered planetary science technologies as the world's leader in climate research for ...