The demand to increase energy efficiency in electrical products is driving the development of more accurate measurement instruments. Modern instruments now can quantify incremental gains made as ...

Where the information goes: After a quantum measurement, information is distributed between the measured information G, transmitted information F and reversible information R. (Courtesy: Seongjin Hong ...

There are different types of rotational tests. In these tests there are two different types of test settings which can be used: In a controlled shear rate test (CSR or CR test) the speed or shear rate ...

Jitter is a short-term variation in the timing of a digital signal from its nominal value. There are two main types of jitter, random jitter and deterministic jitter. Random jitter is unbounded, that ...